| Type |
Parts |
Contaminants |
| Powertrain and engine |
Camshafts and crankshafts |
Coolant residues, cutting oils, metal fines, machining chips |
| Cylinder heads and engine blocks |
Coolant residues, cutting chips, gasket residues, machining oils, metal fines |
| Fuel injection components and nozzles |
Lacquered fuel residues, machining oils, metal fines, particulate contamination |
| Transmission cases and gear sets |
Coolant residues, cutting oils, machining chips, metal fines |
| Electric powertrain and battery systems |
Aluminium extrusions and castings (e-powertrain) |
Casting residues, coolant residues, metal oxides, release agents |
| Battery trays and cooling plates |
Electrolyte residues, machining oils, metal fines, surface oxidation |
| Drive gears, ring gears, pinions and shafts |
Cutting oils, machining chips, metal fines, stamping lubricants |
| Electric motor components and housings |
Coolant residues, machining oils, metal fines, surface oxidation |
| Braking |
Brake calipers and housings |
Machining oils, metal fines, mill scale, stamping lubricants |
| Hydraulic brake system components (valves, pistons, bores) |
Fine particulates, machining oils, metal fines, oxidation products |
| Steering and suspension |
Steering gear housings and racks |
Cutting oils, metal fines, mill scale, machining residues |
| Suspension components (control arms, knuckles, subframes) |
Cutting oils, mill scale, stamping lubricants, surface oxidation |
| Body, structure and coachwork |
Aluminium and steel castings (structural) |
Casting sand, metal oxides, release agents, surface oxidation |
| Stamped body panels and structural pressings |
Mill scale, stamping lubricants, surface oxidation, weld spatter |
| Electrical and electronic components |
Connectors, sensors and electronic housings |
Dust, fine particulates, flux residues, machining oils, oxidation on contacts |
| Thermal management components (cooling plates, heat exchangers) |
Coolant residues, machining oils, scale deposits, surface oxidation |
| Production machinery maintenance |
Bearings, bushings and seals |
Dust, elastomer particles, metal wear particles, oil residues |
| Dies and press tooling (stamping, forging) |
Die lubricants, metal fines, mill scale, oxidation products |
| Gears and transmission components (press and line machinery) |
Corrosive debris, cutting oils, grease, metal wear particles, transmission oils |
| Hydraulic and pneumatic components |
Dust, grit, hydraulic fluid residues, metal fines, sealant residues |